--- title: "Material properties — density, melting point, strength" description: "Density, melting point, tensile strength and conductivity for 110 materials, with an honest range wherever the figure genuinely varies." url: https://atoneplace.net/material/ site: "At One Place" --- # Materials Density, melting point, strength and conductivity for 110 materials — metals, plastics, woods, ceramics and stone. These figures are the most stable reference data there is: none of them have changed in a century. ## Density, lightest to heaviest *Water is 1,000 kg/m³ and seawater about 1,025. Density alone decides floating.* | Material | Density (kg/m³) | vs water | Floats | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | air | 1.2 | 0.00× | Yes | | expanded polystyrene foam | 20 | 0.02× | Yes | | rigid polyurethane foam | 40 | 0.04× | Yes | | EVA foam | 100 | 0.10× | Yes | | balsa | 160 | 0.16× | Yes | | corrugated cardboard | 160 | 0.16× | Yes | | cork | 200 | 0.20× | Yes | | western red cedar | 370 | 0.37× | Yes | | spruce | 430 | 0.43× | Yes | | pine | 500 | 0.50× | Yes | | Douglas fir | 530 | 0.53× | Yes | | mahogany | 590 | 0.59× | Yes | | plywood | 600 | 0.60× | Yes | | black walnut | 610 | 0.61× | Yes | | OSB | 640 | 0.64× | Yes | | particleboard | 650 | 0.65× | Yes | | teak | 655 | 0.66× | Yes | | ash | 675 | 0.68× | Yes | | birch | 690 | 0.69× | Yes | | bamboo | 700 | 0.70× | Yes | | gypsum board (drywall) | 700 | 0.70× | Yes | | red oak | 700 | 0.70× | Yes | | hard maple | 705 | 0.70× | Yes | | beech | 720 | 0.72× | Yes | | MDF | 750 | 0.75× | Yes | | white oak | 755 | 0.76× | Yes | | paper | 800 | 0.80× | Yes | | leather | 900 | 0.90× | Yes | | polypropylene | 905 | 0.91× | Yes | | ice | 917 | 0.92× | Yes | | LDPE | 920 | 0.92× | Yes | | natural rubber | 950 | 0.95× | Yes | | HDPE | 955 | 0.95× | Yes | | ebony | 1,000 | 1.00× | No | | water | 1,000 | 1.00× | No | | ABS | 1,050 | 1.05× | No | | polystyrene | 1,050 | 1.05× | No | | plaster | 1,100 | 1.10× | No | | nylon 6 | 1,140 | 1.14× | No | | nylon 66 | 1,140 | 1.14× | No | | epoxy resin | 1,150 | 1.15× | No | | acrylic (PMMA) | 1,180 | 1.18× | No | | polycarbonate | 1,200 | 1.20× | No | | lignum vitae | 1,230 | 1.23× | No | | PLA | 1,240 | 1.24× | No | | flexible PVC | 1,250 | 1.25× | No | | silicone rubber | 1,250 | 1.25× | No | | PETG | 1,270 | 1.27× | No | | neoprene | 1,300 | 1.30× | No | | rigid PVC | 1,400 | 1.40× | No | | POM (acetal / Delrin) | 1,410 | 1.41× | No | | aramid fibre (Kevlar) | 1,440 | 1.44× | No | | woven carbon fibre composite | 1,550 | 1.55× | No | | unidirectional carbon fibre composite | 1,600 | 1.60× | No | | magnesium | 1,738 | 1.74× | No | | brick | 1,900 | 1.90× | No | | fibreglass (GRP) | 1,900 | 1.90× | No | | fired clay (terracotta) | 1,900 | 1.90× | No | | PTFE | 2,170 | 2.17× | No | | fused quartz | 2,200 | 2.20× | No | | graphite | 2,200 | 2.20× | No | | borosilicate glass | 2,230 | 2.23× | No | | sandstone | 2,300 | 2.30× | No | | asphalt (hot-mix) | 2,350 | 2.35× | No | | concrete | 2,400 | 2.40× | No | | porcelain | 2,400 | 2.40× | No | | limestone | 2,450 | 2.45× | No | | reinforced concrete | 2,500 | 2.50× | No | | soda-lime glass | 2,500 | 2.50× | No | | tempered glass | 2,500 | 2.50× | No | | quartz | 2,650 | 2.65× | No | | aluminum | 2,700 | 2.70× | No | | aluminum 6061 | 2,700 | 2.70× | No | | granite | 2,700 | 2.70× | No | | marble | 2,700 | 2.70× | No | | slate | 2,750 | 2.75× | No | | aluminum 7075 | 2,810 | 2.81× | No | | silicon carbide | 3,210 | 3.21× | No | | diamond | 3,515 | 3.52× | No | | alumina | 3,900 | 3.90× | No | | Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy | 4,430 | 4.43× | No | | titanium | 4,506 | 4.51× | No | | ductile iron | 7,100 | 7.10× | No | | zinc | 7,140 | 7.14× | No | | gray cast iron | 7,150 | 7.15× | No | | chromium | 7,190 | 7.19× | No | | pewter | 7,300 | 7.30× | No | | tin | 7,310 | 7.31× | No | | lead-free solder (SAC305) | 7,380 | 7.38× | No | | wrought iron | 7,700 | 7.70× | No | | tool steel | 7,800 | 7.80× | No | | high-carbon steel | 7,850 | 7.85× | No | | mild steel | 7,850 | 7.85× | No | | iron | 7,874 | 7.87× | No | | stainless steel 304 | 8,000 | 8.00× | No | | stainless steel 316 | 8,000 | 8.00× | No | | Inconel 718 | 8,190 | 8.19× | No | | brass | 8,500 | 8.50× | No | | tin-lead solder (60/40) | 8,520 | 8.52× | No | | bronze | 8,800 | 8.80× | No | | Monel 400 | 8,800 | 8.80× | No | | nickel | 8,908 | 8.91× | No | | copper | 8,960 | 8.96× | No | | silver | 10,490 | 10.49× | No | | lead | 11,340 | 11.34× | No | | mercury | 13,534 | 13.53× | No | | tungsten carbide | 14,900 | 14.90× | No | | tungsten | 19,250 | 19.25× | No | | gold | 19,300 | 19.30× | No | | platinum | 21,450 | 21.45× | No | ## Pure metal - [Aluminum](https://atoneplace.net/material/aluminum/) — 2,700 kg/m³ - [Copper](https://atoneplace.net/material/copper/) — 8,960 kg/m³ - [Gold](https://atoneplace.net/material/gold/) — 19,300 kg/m³ - [Titanium](https://atoneplace.net/material/titanium/) — 4,506 kg/m³ - [Iron](https://atoneplace.net/material/iron/) — 7,874 kg/m³ - [Lead](https://atoneplace.net/material/lead/) — 11,340 kg/m³ - [Tungsten](https://atoneplace.net/material/tungsten/) — 19,250 kg/m³ - [Silver](https://atoneplace.net/material/silver/) — 10,490 kg/m³ - [Mercury](https://atoneplace.net/material/mercury/) — 13,534 kg/m³ - [Zinc](https://atoneplace.net/material/zinc/) — 7,140 kg/m³ - [Magnesium](https://atoneplace.net/material/magnesium/) — 1,738 kg/m³ - [Tin](https://atoneplace.net/material/tin/) — 7,310 kg/m³ - [Platinum](https://atoneplace.net/material/platinum/) — 21,450 kg/m³ - [Nickel](https://atoneplace.net/material/nickel/) — 8,908 kg/m³ - [Chromium](https://atoneplace.net/material/chromium/) — 7,190 kg/m³ ## Alloy - [Mild steel](https://atoneplace.net/material/mild-steel/) — 7,850 kg/m³ - [Stainless steel 304](https://atoneplace.net/material/stainless-304/) — 8,000 kg/m³ - [Brass](https://atoneplace.net/material/brass/) — 8,500 kg/m³ - [Gray cast iron](https://atoneplace.net/material/cast-iron/) — 7,150 kg/m³ - [High-carbon steel](https://atoneplace.net/material/carbon-steel/) — 7,850 kg/m³ - [Stainless steel 316](https://atoneplace.net/material/stainless-316/) — 8,000 kg/m³ - [Aluminum 6061](https://atoneplace.net/material/aluminum-6061/) — 2,700 kg/m³ - [Bronze](https://atoneplace.net/material/bronze/) — 8,800 kg/m³ - [Aluminum 7075](https://atoneplace.net/material/aluminum-7075/) — 2,810 kg/m³ - [Tool steel](https://atoneplace.net/material/tool-steel/) — 7,800 kg/m³ - [Tin-lead solder (60/40)](https://atoneplace.net/material/solder-60-40/) — 8,520 kg/m³ - [Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy](https://atoneplace.net/material/ti-6al-4v/) — 4,430 kg/m³ - [Lead-free solder (SAC305)](https://atoneplace.net/material/solder-lead-free/) — 7,380 kg/m³ - [Wrought iron](https://atoneplace.net/material/wrought-iron/) — 7,700 kg/m³ - [Ductile iron](https://atoneplace.net/material/ductile-iron/) — 7,100 kg/m³ - [Inconel 718](https://atoneplace.net/material/inconel-718/) — 8,190 kg/m³ - [Pewter](https://atoneplace.net/material/pewter/) — 7,300 kg/m³ - [Monel 400](https://atoneplace.net/material/monel-400/) — 8,800 kg/m³ ## Plastic and rubber - [PLA](https://atoneplace.net/material/pla/) — 1,240 kg/m³ - [ABS](https://atoneplace.net/material/abs/) — 1,050 kg/m³ - [Acrylic (PMMA)](https://atoneplace.net/material/acrylic/) — 1,180 kg/m³ - [Polycarbonate](https://atoneplace.net/material/polycarbonate/) — 1,200 kg/m³ - [Polypropylene](https://atoneplace.net/material/polypropylene/) — 905 kg/m³ - [PTFE](https://atoneplace.net/material/ptfe/) — 2,170 kg/m³ - [Rigid PVC](https://atoneplace.net/material/pvc-rigid/) — 1,400 kg/m³ - [HDPE](https://atoneplace.net/material/hdpe/) — 955 kg/m³ - [Epoxy resin](https://atoneplace.net/material/epoxy-resin/) — 1,150 kg/m³ - [Natural rubber](https://atoneplace.net/material/natural-rubber/) — 950 kg/m³ - [Silicone rubber](https://atoneplace.net/material/silicone-rubber/) — 1,250 kg/m³ - [Expanded polystyrene foam](https://atoneplace.net/material/eps-foam/) — 20 kg/m³ - [Aramid fibre (Kevlar)](https://atoneplace.net/material/aramid/) — 1,440 kg/m³ - [PETG](https://atoneplace.net/material/petg/) — 1,270 kg/m³ - [Nylon 6](https://atoneplace.net/material/nylon-6/) — 1,140 kg/m³ - [Polystyrene](https://atoneplace.net/material/polystyrene/) — 1,050 kg/m³ - [Rigid polyurethane foam](https://atoneplace.net/material/polyurethane-foam/) — 40 kg/m³ - [LDPE](https://atoneplace.net/material/ldpe/) — 920 kg/m³ - [POM (acetal / Delrin)](https://atoneplace.net/material/pom/) — 1,410 kg/m³ - [EVA foam](https://atoneplace.net/material/eva-foam/) — 100 kg/m³ - [Nylon 66](https://atoneplace.net/material/nylon-66/) — 1,140 kg/m³ - [Neoprene](https://atoneplace.net/material/neoprene/) — 1,300 kg/m³ - [Flexible PVC](https://atoneplace.net/material/pvc-flexible/) — 1,250 kg/m³ ## Wood - [Pine](https://atoneplace.net/material/pine/) — 500 kg/m³ - [Plywood](https://atoneplace.net/material/plywood/) — 600 kg/m³ - [MDF](https://atoneplace.net/material/mdf/) — 750 kg/m³ - [White oak](https://atoneplace.net/material/white-oak/) — 755 kg/m³ - [Red oak](https://atoneplace.net/material/red-oak/) — 700 kg/m³ - [Balsa](https://atoneplace.net/material/balsa/) — 160 kg/m³ - [Spruce](https://atoneplace.net/material/spruce/) — 430 kg/m³ - [Western red cedar](https://atoneplace.net/material/cedar/) — 370 kg/m³ - [Hard maple](https://atoneplace.net/material/maple/) — 705 kg/m³ - [Bamboo](https://atoneplace.net/material/bamboo/) — 700 kg/m³ - [OSB](https://atoneplace.net/material/osb/) — 640 kg/m³ - [Black walnut](https://atoneplace.net/material/walnut/) — 610 kg/m³ - [Teak](https://atoneplace.net/material/teak/) — 655 kg/m³ - [Douglas fir](https://atoneplace.net/material/douglas-fir/) — 530 kg/m³ - [Birch](https://atoneplace.net/material/birch/) — 690 kg/m³ - [Mahogany](https://atoneplace.net/material/mahogany/) — 590 kg/m³ - [Particleboard](https://atoneplace.net/material/particleboard/) — 650 kg/m³ - [Ash](https://atoneplace.net/material/ash/) — 675 kg/m³ - [Beech](https://atoneplace.net/material/beech/) — 720 kg/m³ - [Ebony](https://atoneplace.net/material/ebony/) — 1,000 kg/m³ - [Lignum vitae](https://atoneplace.net/material/lignum-vitae/) — 1,230 kg/m³ ## Stone and mineral - [Diamond](https://atoneplace.net/material/diamond/) — 3,515 kg/m³ - [Granite](https://atoneplace.net/material/granite/) — 2,700 kg/m³ - [Marble](https://atoneplace.net/material/marble/) — 2,700 kg/m³ - [Quartz](https://atoneplace.net/material/quartz/) — 2,650 kg/m³ - [Limestone](https://atoneplace.net/material/limestone/) — 2,450 kg/m³ - [Slate](https://atoneplace.net/material/slate/) — 2,750 kg/m³ - [Sandstone](https://atoneplace.net/material/sandstone/) — 2,300 kg/m³ ## Ceramic and masonry - [Concrete](https://atoneplace.net/material/concrete/) — 2,400 kg/m³ - [Brick](https://atoneplace.net/material/brick/) — 1,900 kg/m³ - [Gypsum board (drywall)](https://atoneplace.net/material/gypsum-board/) — 700 kg/m³ - [Tungsten carbide](https://atoneplace.net/material/tungsten-carbide/) — 14,900 kg/m³ - [Reinforced concrete](https://atoneplace.net/material/reinforced-concrete/) — 2,500 kg/m³ - [Graphite](https://atoneplace.net/material/graphite/) — 2,200 kg/m³ - [Porcelain](https://atoneplace.net/material/porcelain/) — 2,400 kg/m³ - [Plaster](https://atoneplace.net/material/plaster/) — 1,100 kg/m³ - [Silicon carbide](https://atoneplace.net/material/silicon-carbide/) — 3,210 kg/m³ - [Fired clay (terracotta)](https://atoneplace.net/material/fired-clay/) — 1,900 kg/m³ - [Alumina](https://atoneplace.net/material/alumina/) — 3,900 kg/m³ ## Glass - [Soda-lime glass](https://atoneplace.net/material/soda-lime-glass/) — 2,500 kg/m³ - [Tempered glass](https://atoneplace.net/material/tempered-glass/) — 2,500 kg/m³ - [Borosilicate glass](https://atoneplace.net/material/borosilicate-glass/) — 2,230 kg/m³ - [Fused quartz](https://atoneplace.net/material/fused-quartz/) — 2,200 kg/m³ ## Composite - [Unidirectional carbon fibre composite](https://atoneplace.net/material/carbon-fiber-ud/) — 1,600 kg/m³ - [Fibreglass (GRP)](https://atoneplace.net/material/fiberglass/) — 1,900 kg/m³ - [Woven carbon fibre composite](https://atoneplace.net/material/carbon-fiber-woven/) — 1,550 kg/m³ - [Asphalt (hot-mix)](https://atoneplace.net/material/asphalt/) — 2,350 kg/m³ ## Liquid - [Water](https://atoneplace.net/material/water/) — 1,000 kg/m³ ## Other - [Air](https://atoneplace.net/material/air/) — 1.2 kg/m³ - [Ice](https://atoneplace.net/material/ice/) — 917 kg/m³ - [Paper](https://atoneplace.net/material/paper/) — 800 kg/m³ - [Corrugated cardboard](https://atoneplace.net/material/cardboard/) — 160 kg/m³ - [Cork](https://atoneplace.net/material/cork/) — 200 kg/m³ - [Leather](https://atoneplace.net/material/leather/) — 900 kg/m³ ## Common questions ### What is the densest material here? Platinum, at 21,450 kg/m³. ### Why are so many densities given as ranges? Because they genuinely vary. Wood density changes by a factor of two with species and moisture, concrete varies with mix, and plastics vary with fillers. A single number would be a fiction. ### Why do some materials have no melting point listed? Because they decompose rather than melt. Wood, paper, thermosets and several ceramics char or sublime, so a melting figure would be meaningless.