What does CMXLVIII mean?

CMXLVIII is the Roman numeral for 948 — 900 + 40 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1.

How do you write 948 in Roman numerals?

Take the largest value that fits and repeat until nothing is left: CM (900), then XL (40), then V (5), then I (1), then I (1), then I (1). That gives CMXLVIII.

948 in Roman numerals

CMXLVIII

Number (1–3,999 for numerals)

Roman numeral

948 is written CMXLVIII in Roman numerals. That is 6 symbol groups added together, reading left to right from the largest value down.

How it breaks down

CMXLVIII = 900 + 40 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 948
Group	Value	Subtraction	Running total
CM	900	M − C	900
XL	40	L − X	940
V	5	—	945
I	1	—	946
I	1	—	947
I	1	—	948

Why the smaller symbol comes first

CMXLVIII uses subtractive notation in 2 places: CM means M minus C, or 900; XL means L minus X, or 40. A smaller symbol placed before a larger one is subtracted from it rather than added, which is why IX is nine and not eleven.

Only six such pairs are valid — IV, IX, XL, XC, CD and CM. That restriction is what makes the notation unambiguous: IIII and IC both look like they should work, but neither is standard, and only one spelling of any number is correct.

The symbols

Symbol	Value	Used here
I	1	yes — 3×
V	5	yes — 1×
X	10	yes — 1×
L	50	yes — 1×
C	100	yes — 1×
D	500	no
M	1,000	yes — 1×

The same number, other ways

In words: Nine hundred forty-eight
Roman numeral: CMXLVIII
Symbol count: 8 characters
Binary: 1110110100
Hexadecimal: 3B4

The numbers either side

Number	Roman numeral
946	CMXLVI
947	CMXLVII
948	CMXLVIII ←
949	CMXLIX
950	CML

Common questions

What is 948 in Roman numerals?: 948 is CMXLVIII.
What does CMXLVIII mean?: CMXLVIII is the Roman numeral for 948 — 900 + 40 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1.
How do you write 948 in Roman numerals?: Take the largest value that fits and repeat until nothing is left: CM (900), then XL (40), then V (5), then I (1), then I (1), then I (1). That gives CMXLVIII.

Sources

Calculated on this page — At One Place

How these figures are compiled and checked