At One Place

Does it float?

The rule
Less dense than 1,000 kg/m³ floats

Floating is decided by density — mass divided by volume — against the fluid, and by nothing else. Weight is irrelevant on its own: a 200-tonne ship floats and a 2-gram pebble sinks, because the ship encloses enough air to bring its average density under that of water.

Floats — 33 materials

Material Density (kg/m³) Proportion submerged
air 1.2 0%
expanded polystyrene foam 20 2%
rigid polyurethane foam 40 4%
EVA foam 100 10%
balsa 160 16%
corrugated cardboard 160 16%
cork 200 20%
western red cedar 370 37%
spruce 430 43%
pine 500 50%
Douglas fir 530 53%
mahogany 590 59%
plywood 600 60%
black walnut 610 61%
OSB 640 64%
particleboard 650 65%
teak 655 66%
ash 675 68%
birch 690 69%
red oak 700 70%
bamboo 700 70%
gypsum board (drywall) 700 70%
hard maple 705 71%
beech 720 72%
MDF 750 75%
white oak 755 76%
paper 800 80%
leather 900 90%
polypropylene 905 91%
ice 917 92%
LDPE 920 92%
natural rubber 950 95%
HDPE 955 96%

Sinks — 77 materials

Material Density (kg/m³) Times denser than water
ebony 1,000 1.0×
water 1,000 1.0×
ABS 1,050 1.1×
polystyrene 1,050 1.1×
plaster 1,100 1.1×
nylon 6 1,140 1.1×
nylon 66 1,140 1.1×
epoxy resin 1,150 1.1×
acrylic (PMMA) 1,180 1.2×
polycarbonate 1,200 1.2×
lignum vitae 1,230 1.2×
PLA 1,240 1.2×
flexible PVC 1,250 1.3×
silicone rubber 1,250 1.3×
PETG 1,270 1.3×
neoprene 1,300 1.3×
rigid PVC 1,400 1.4×
POM (acetal / Delrin) 1,410 1.4×
aramid fibre (Kevlar) 1,440 1.4×
woven carbon fibre composite 1,550 1.6×
unidirectional carbon fibre composite 1,600 1.6×
magnesium 1,738 1.7×
brick 1,900 1.9×
fired clay (terracotta) 1,900 1.9×
fibreglass (GRP) 1,900 1.9×
PTFE 2,170 2.2×
graphite 2,200 2.2×
fused quartz 2,200 2.2×
borosilicate glass 2,230 2.2×
sandstone 2,300 2.3×
asphalt (hot-mix) 2,350 2.4×
concrete 2,400 2.4×
porcelain 2,400 2.4×
limestone 2,450 2.5×
reinforced concrete 2,500 2.5×
soda-lime glass 2,500 2.5×
tempered glass 2,500 2.5×
quartz 2,650 2.6×
aluminum 2,700 2.7×
aluminum 6061 2,700 2.7×
granite 2,700 2.7×
marble 2,700 2.7×
slate 2,750 2.8×
aluminum 7075 2,810 2.8×
silicon carbide 3,210 3.2×
diamond 3,515 3.5×
alumina 3,900 3.9×
Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy 4,430 4.4×
titanium 4,506 4.5×
ductile iron 7,100 7.1×
zinc 7,140 7.1×
gray cast iron 7,150 7.2×
chromium 7,190 7.2×
pewter 7,300 7.3×
tin 7,310 7.3×
lead-free solder (SAC305) 7,380 7.4×
wrought iron 7,700 7.7×
tool steel 7,800 7.8×
mild steel 7,850 7.8×
high-carbon steel 7,850 7.8×
iron 7,874 7.9×
stainless steel 304 8,000 8.0×
stainless steel 316 8,000 8.0×
Inconel 718 8,190 8.2×
brass 8,500 8.5×
tin-lead solder (60/40) 8,520 8.5×
bronze 8,800 8.8×
Monel 400 8,800 8.8×
nickel 8,908 8.9×
copper 8,960 9.0×
silver 10,490 10.5×
lead 11,340 11.3×
mercury 13,534 13.5×
tungsten carbide 14,900 14.9×
tungsten 19,250 19.3×
gold 19,300 19.3×
platinum 21,450 21.4×

Every material

Common questions

What decides whether something floats?
Density relative to the fluid. Below 1,000 kg/m³ floats in fresh water; below about 1,025 floats in seawater.
Why do steel ships float?
Because average density decides it, not material density. A hull enclosing air is less dense overall than water, even though steel is nearly eight times denser.
Does something float better in seawater?
Yes, slightly. Seawater is about 2.5% denser, which is why the Dead Sea — far saltier again — makes swimmers noticeably more buoyant.