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How many digits of pi have been calculated?

How many digits of pi have been calculated?
about 202 trillion
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory uses 15 decimal places for interplanetary navigation. With 40 digits you could compute the circumference of the observable universe to within the width of a hydrogen atom.

The record stood at about 202 trillion decimal digits as of 2024, up from 100 trillion in 2022 and 62.8 trillion in 2021. Records now fall roughly annually and are set on ordinary server hardware with very large disk arrays rather than on supercomputers. There is no mathematical purpose to any of it beyond hardware validation — the digits have all the statistical properties expected of a random sequence and reveal nothing.

How the figure is arrived at

The Chudnovsky algorithm, which adds about 14 correct digits per term, evaluated by binary splitting. At these scales the computation is bound by disk throughput rather than by processor speed, because the working numbers are hundreds of terabytes long and cannot fit in memory. Verification uses the Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe formula, which can compute an individual hexadecimal digit of pi far out in the expansion without computing any of the preceding ones — a genuinely startling property.

Record as of 2024. These fall roughly once a year, so treat the figure as a floor with a date attached.

Other numbers and possibilities counts

Common questions

How many digits of pi have been calculated?
about 202 trillion
How is that estimated?
The Chudnovsky algorithm, which adds about 14 correct digits per term, evaluated by binary splitting. At these scales the computation is bound by disk throughput rather than by processor speed, because the working numbers are hundreds of terabytes long and cannot fit in memory. Verification uses the Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe formula, which can compute an individual hexadecimal digit of pi far out in the expansion without computing any of the preceding ones — a genuinely startling property.

Related pages

Sources

  1. Wikidata — Wikimedia Foundation (CC0 1.0)

How these figures are compiled and checked