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What is a Golf ball made of?

What is a Golf ball made of?
A moulded polybutadiene rubber core inside an ionomer or urethane cover, dimpled all over.

Dimples were an accident. Nineteenth-century gutta-percha balls were smooth when new, and players noticed that scuffed, battered ones flew further, so makers began hammering patterns into them deliberately. The physics took another century to explain: a smooth sphere sheds its boundary layer early and drags a wide wake behind it, while a dimpled one holds the flow on further round and leaves a narrower wake. The same dimples also generate lift from backspin, which is why a well-struck ball climbs rather than falling on a plain ballistic arc.

Component by component

Every material is a choice, and the third column is the constraint that drove it.
Part Material Why that material
core polybutadiene rubber, compression-moulded Polybutadiene has the highest resilience of the common rubbers — it returns more of the clubhead energy than anything else that can be moulded cheaply.
mantle ionomer resin layer, in three-piece and four-piece balls A stiff intermediate layer lets the ball be soft for spin off a wedge and firm for distance off a driver, which one material cannot do alone.
cover ionomer (Surlyn) for distance balls, cast urethane for tour balls Urethane is softer and grips the grooves for greenside spin; ionomer is far more cut-resistant and spins less, which flatters a slice.
dimples moulded depressions, typically 300-400 of them They trip the boundary layer into turbulence, which keeps the airflow attached further round the ball and roughly halves the drag.

Other sport and games objects

Common questions

What is a Golf ball made of?
A moulded polybutadiene rubber core inside an ionomer or urethane cover, dimpled all over.
What is the core of a Golf ball made of?
Polybutadiene rubber, compression-moulded. Polybutadiene has the highest resilience of the common rubbers — it returns more of the clubhead energy than anything else that can be moulded cheaply.
What is the mantle of a Golf ball made of?
Ionomer resin layer, in three-piece and four-piece balls. A stiff intermediate layer lets the ball be soft for spin off a wedge and firm for distance off a driver, which one material cannot do alone.

Related pages

Sources

  1. Typical range compiled from manufacturer specifications — At One Place

How these figures are compiled and checked