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How many languages are there in the world?

How many languages are there in the world?
about 7,150 living languages
Around 1,500 languages have fewer than a thousand speakers. Most of them will not survive the century.

The standard reference lists roughly 7,150 living languages, but the count is a judgement rather than a measurement, and other catalogues differ by more than a thousand. The distribution is brutally uneven: about half the world speaks one of the top 25 languages, while half of all languages have fewer than about 7,000 speakers each. Roughly 40% are endangered, and a language stops being spoken somewhere in the world every few months. Papua New Guinea alone has over 800.

How the figure is arrived at

A language is distinguished from a dialect largely by mutual intelligibility, plus literary tradition and speaker identity — which is why Chinese is often counted as one language despite containing varieties as different as Spanish and Romanian, while Serbian and Croatian are counted separately despite being mutually intelligible. Catalogues assign codes under ISO 639-3 and the count is simply how many codes exist.

How confident it is

Low estimate
6,500
High estimate
7,500
Spread
1.2× between the bounds

Other things people built counts

Common questions

How many languages are there in the world?
about 7,150 living languages
How is that estimated?
A language is distinguished from a dialect largely by mutual intelligibility, plus literary tradition and speaker identity — which is why Chinese is often counted as one language despite containing varieties as different as Spanish and Romanian, while Serbian and Croatian are counted separately despite being mutually intelligible. Catalogues assign codes under ISO 639-3 and the count is simply how many codes exist.

Related pages

Sources

  1. Typical range compiled from manufacturer specifications — At One Place

How these figures are compiled and checked