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What is a Pillow made of?

What is a Pillow made of?
A fill of polyester fibre, foam or waterfowl down inside a tightly woven downproof cover.

Fill power measures loft rather than quantity: it is the volume in cubic inches that an ounce of down expands to fill, so 800-fill down gives the same warmth as 600-fill at less weight, and a light pillow can be the more expensive one. Down and feather are not the same thing — feathers have quills, which is what makes cheap "feather" pillows poke and flatten. The practical failure mode of any pillow is compression set: fibre fills mat down and foam loses its rebound, and the fold test is a fair check — a pillow that stays folded when you release it has finished. Down allergy is usually a reaction to dust mites in an old pillow rather than to the down itself.

Component by component

Every material is a choice, and the third column is the constraint that drove it.
Part Material Why that material
polyester fill hollow or spiral-crimped polyester staple fibre Hollow fibres trap air for loft at almost no cost, and they wash and dry without clumping, unlike natural fills.
down fill the fine under-plumage of ducks and geese, graded by fill power Down clusters trap more air per gram than anything synthetic, which is why the same warmth weighs a fraction as much.
foam fill viscoelastic memory foam, solid or shredded A solid block holds a fixed neck position; shredded foam can be adjusted and breathes better, at the cost of consistency.
cover densely woven cotton cambric, often calendered Down works its way through any loose weave, so downproof ticking uses a high thread count and pressed finish rather than a coating.

Other around the house objects

Common questions

What is a Pillow made of?
A fill of polyester fibre, foam or waterfowl down inside a tightly woven downproof cover.
What is the polyester fill of a Pillow made of?
Hollow or spiral-crimped polyester staple fibre. Hollow fibres trap air for loft at almost no cost, and they wash and dry without clumping, unlike natural fills.
What is the down fill of a Pillow made of?
The fine under-plumage of ducks and geese, graded by fill power. Down clusters trap more air per gram than anything synthetic, which is why the same warmth weighs a fraction as much.

Related pages

Sources

  1. Typical range compiled from manufacturer specifications — At One Place

How these figures are compiled and checked