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How many manhole covers are there?

How many manhole covers are there?
roughly 13 million in the United States, on a rough estimate
A cast-iron cover weighs 45 to 115 kg, so the American stock is on the order of a million tonnes of iron sitting in the road.

Nobody counts manhole covers nationally, but the number follows from sewer network length because manholes are placed at fixed intervals by design standard — at every change of direction or gradient and at most 90 to 120 metres apart on straight runs. The United States has roughly 1.3 million km of public sewer, which puts the manhole count around 13 million before adding storm drains, water valves and utility vaults. New York City alone has several hundred thousand covers and gratings across its sewer, water, electrical and telecoms networks.

How the figure is arrived at

Sewer length divided by design spacing. The spacing figure is a real engineering standard rather than a guess, which makes this a better estimate than it sounds, but the answer only covers sanitary sewer manholes — including storm, electrical and telecoms access covers could double or triple it.

How confident it is

Low estimate
8,000,000
High estimate
20,000,000
Spread
2.5× between the bounds

Other things people built counts

Common questions

How many manhole covers are there?
roughly 13 million in the United States, on a rough estimate
How is that estimated?
Sewer length divided by design spacing. The spacing figure is a real engineering standard rather than a guess, which makes this a better estimate than it sounds, but the answer only covers sanitary sewer manholes — including storm, electrical and telecoms access covers could double or triple it.

Related pages

Sources

  1. Calculated on this page — At One Place

How these figures are compiled and checked